According To Kizlik (2014), objectives That Are Used In Education,

According To Kizlik (2014), objectives That Are Used In Education, According To Kizlik (2014), objectives That Are Used In Education, Whether They Are Called Learning – Coursework Example Educational Objectives in Health Provision Health providers, nurses in particular, always have to design programs that are aimed at educating the community; the patients and their various families. These objectives can either be long term or short term. The relevance of such programs is in the creation of awareness to the community on different health issues. The objectives formulated by the health must comply with Kizlik (2014) idea that objectives are terms that refer to descriptions of observable behavior that are used to make the judgment about learning. In designing the educational objectives that articulate the needs of both the patients and the families, Kizlik’s postulate of condition, verb and criteria parts of the objective must be strictly adhered to. All the three parts of the objective must be flexible, doable and achievable by the patient. Health providers must also consider engaging the patient and the family to take part in formulation of the educational progra m objectives. By engaging the community, the health providers open up the avenue for obtaining the real situations on the ground. For example, if the educational program was intended to change the behavior of the patient, the family must be involved since they will be with the patient most of the time. In the case of changing the behavior of the whole community, the health providers would want to come up realistic and achievable objective. This is where the community comes in; both the directly affected and the indirectly affected groups. Nurses must, therefore, establish the main behavior problems by inviting the suggestions of the community. This way, the educational objectives shall be relevant and attainable.ReferenceKizlik, B. (2014). How to Write Learning Objectives that Meet Demanding Behavioral Criteria. Retrieved from adprima.com/objectives.htm

Business-writing radio launched - Emphasis

Business-writing radio launched Business-writing radio launched Free podcasts offer expert help with writing reports, proposals, emails and more A new source of free help is at hand for anyone who has ever grappled with writing a make or break proposal or report, or wondered how best to handle sensitive customer correspondence. It comes in the shape of a series of podcasts that give expert advice on how to improve your business-writing skills. The podcasts, called Write On, offer help with everything from creating effective reports and proposals to writing speeches and emails. The high-quality programmes have been produced by leading business-writing trainers Emphasis and are presented by BBC radio presenter Clare McDonnell. They offer a wealth of practical tips and advice, as well as interviews with executives from major public and private-sector organisations about the latest thinking on business writing. They are just one of the many resources available on the Emphasis website that enable everyone to access business-writing advice, free of charge, in their own time. Companies can lose millions of pounds every year through poorly written proposals or badly worded customer service letters, explains Rob Ashton, Emphasis Chief Executive. But often people dont know how to improve their written work and may not want to admit publicly that they struggle with writers block or grammar, for instance. The beauty of the podcasts is that you acan listen to them in private, anywhere improving your writing skills even while travelling to work, for example. The podcasts are available to download here, where users can subscribe through iTunes or RSS feed to automatically receive each show as its released. They play equally well on an iPod or computer. Press enquiries For more information, please contact us 01273 738 888 or email us here. For information on training courses or to access free online resources, visit emphbootstrap.wpengine.com. Notes for editors Emphasis Training Ltd are the UKs leading business-writing trainers, providing bespoke courses for a huge range of private and public sector organisations, both in the UK and internationally. Since 1998, they have helped thousands of people in government departments, law firms, blue-chip companies, universities and charities to produce first-class business writing. With headquarters in Brighton, East Sussex, Emphasis have a dedicated team of experienced, specialist trainers who run bespoke courses on-site for organisations across the UK. They also run open courses for smaller groups or individuals throughout the year in London.

Meaning behind a Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Meaning behind a Speech - Essay Example As many Americans are faced with the responsibility of electing a President every four years, one of the highlights of the process would be the Inaugural speech given by the newly sworn in chief executive on their inauguration day. From George Washington, all the way to the present day with Barack Obama, each individual who has resided in the chair of the President has found themselves with the opportunity to creatively craft their message through interviews given to members of the mainstream press, as well as speeches given to an even wider audience. Going farther than the words written within the pages of their statements, the power of these deliveries, are further enabled by the presence of the passion within the person saying the words. Taking the time to effectively present essential points of whatever case may need to be made, through increases in tone to emphasis crucial aspects, all the way to something as day-to-day, as the choice of clothing that would be worn. One of the most relevant speech examples in recent memory would be the inaugural speech delivered by John F. Kennedy in January 1961. Being a man who sought to introduce youthful vigor and passion into the role of the nation's chief executive, President Kennedy's speech would convey the inherent desire he would possess for the powerful role of both the American government and its citizens, as well as the power of the rest of the world. Through the strength in his delivery by means of the elevation and passion of his voice, Kennedy would enhance the meaning of his message for the nation. In speaking of the presence of power held by man but also the presence of a higher being, President Kennedy states, "The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe--the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God," (Kennedy, 1961). With his delivery, the new President would convey to his audience that, within all humans, they do hold the potential to enact great change around them. All the while remembering that, to stay true to history and the revolutionary forefathers of the nation, would be to remember the significance given to the influence of God. The more an individual may believe and feel passionate about what they are saying, the evidence will show in the choice of words to be spoken and the elevation of their voice, to better illustrate those very same words. For example, "Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty,' (Kennedy, 1961). To assess the greater intended meaning of this, Kennedy would seek to further underline the strength of the American conviction for that which we believe in. With the delivery of this speech occurring in less than two decades since the end of World War II and just before the start of the Vietnam war, which would begin only a few short years later, the meaning behind the following portion of the President's speech, would be amplified through his eloquent delivery. "In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted

The New Synagogue, Berlin, Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The New Synagogue, Berlin, Germany - Essay Example The building has defied time, having been constructed in early 20th century, following its demolition in the Second World War. Otto Von Bismark, the Prime Minister of Prussia by then, opened the building in 1866. It is one of the few synagogues that survived Kristallnatch-a revenge attack that involved the Nazi youths. The current building is a reconstruction of the former building. Its street frontage was ruined and the current building is a renovated version of the older building. The entrance has a new outlook; the domes and the towers have been repainted and redesigned, perhaps using the newest architectural designs, this time round blending modern designs and architecture with the mediaeval Roman architecture used before the demolition (Simms 43). Only some few rooms were left behind. The synagogue was meant to serve the growing Jewish population in Germany, especially the immigrants who came from the East. The building had a capacity to house 3000 worshipers in one sitting. The building was also used for public concerts; the most notable being the violin concert featuring Albert Eistein in 1930. The religious services included organ and choir, reflecting liberal developments among the Jewish community then. The building was set ablaze in the infamous Kristallnatch on November, 1938, in the e vent that saw the Torah scrolls debased, furniture destroyed, and combustible property within the building set ablaze (Simms 98). A brave police officer, Lieutenant Otto Bellgardt, arrived on 10th Nov, the following day and ordered the Nazi mob to disperse, arguing that the building was a historical landmark that was protected. He upheld the law to protect the synagogue from further damage by the Nazi youths. Therefore, the fire was distinguished before it could spread to other parts of the buildings. The New Synagogue remained intact and was rebuilt by the congregation who used the building up until 1940. Apart from prayers, the

People Who Change the World Essay Example for Free

People Who Change the World Essay Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in Transkei, South Africa and became actively involved in the anti-apartheid movement in his 20s, Mandela joined the African National Congress in 1942. For 20 years, he directed a campaign of peaceful, non-violent defiance against the South African government and its racist policies. In 1939, Mandela enrolled at the University College of Fort Hare, the only residential center of higher learning for blacks in South Africa at the time. Fort Hare was considered Africas equivalent of Oxford or Harvard, drawing scholars from all parts of sub-Sahara Africa. In his first year at the university, Mandela took the required courses, but focused on Roman Dutch law to prepare for a career in civil service as an interpreter or clerk—regarded as the best profession a black man could obtain at the time. In his second year at Fort Hare, Mandela was elected to the Student Representative Council. For some time, students had been dissatisfied with the food and lack of power held by the SRC. During this election, a majority of students voted to boycott unless their demands were met. Joining with the majority of students , Mandela resigned from his position. Seeing this as an act of insubordination, the universitys Dr. Kerr expelled Mandela for the rest of the year, but gave him an ultimatum: He could return if he agreed to serve on the SRC. When Mandela returned home, the regent was furious, telling Mandela unequivocally that he would have to recant his decision and go back to school in the fall. A few weeks after Nelson Mandelas return home, Regent Jongintaba announced that he had arranged a marriage for his adopted son. The regent wanted to make sure that Mandelas life was properly planned, and the arrangement was within his right, as tribal custom dictated. Shocked by the news andf feeling trapped and believing he had no other option, Mandela ran away from home. He settled in Johannesburg, where he worked a different of jobs, including as a guard and a clerk, while completing his bachelors degree via correspondence courses. He then enrolled at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg to study law. Mandela soon became actively involved in the anti-apartheid movement, joining the African National Congress in 1942. Within the ANC, a small group of young Africans banded together, calling themselves the African National Congress Youth League. Their goal was to transform the ANC into a mass grassroots movement, deriving strength from millions of rural poor and working people who had no voice under the current regime. Specifically, the group believed that the ANCs old tactics of polite petitioning were ineffective. In 1949, the ANC officially adopted the Youth Leagues methods of boycott, strike, civil disobedience and non-cooperation, with policy goals of full citizenship, redistribution of land, trade union rights, and free and compulsory (Required by law or a rule; obligatory.) education for all children. For 20 years, Mandela directed peaceful, nonviolent acts of defiance against the South African government and its racist policies, including the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People. He founded the law firm Mandela and Tambo, partnering with Oliver Tambo, a brilliant student hed met while attending Fort Hare. The law firm provided free and low-cost legal counsel to unrepresented blacks. In 1956, Mandela and 150 others were arrested and charged with treason for their political advocacy (they were eventually acquitted). Meanwhile, the ANC was being challenged by Africanists, a new breed of black activists who believed that the pacifist method of the ANC was ineffective. Africanists soon broke away to form the Pan-Africanist Congress, which negatively affected the ANC; by 1959, the movement had lost much of its militant support. Nelson mandela fought for what he believeed in and changed the lives of many south african people at the cost of his life (reffering to the many years in jail.) Mandela change things that probaly still been in affect on if he hadnt.

My Most Important Personal and Professional Accomplishments :: MBA College Admissions Essays

My Most Important Personal and Professional Accomplishments With no money, no direction, and no goals, I graduated from high school in 1987 not knowing if I would ever be a man, if I would ever know what life means. Unable to afford college tuition, I worked odd jobs for a few months before deciding to join the United States corps">Marine Corps. A scrappy kid who needed structure and support, I entered the Marines unprepared for the next thirteen weeks of extraordinary physical and mental challenges. Arriving at the recruit-training depot in Parris Island South Carolina on February 3,1988 not knowing what to expect, I watched my hair fall off my head, had vaccinations for every disease ever discovered, and learned to live with sixty other young men in close quarters. The days were long. I would wake up at 4 a.m. and work nonstop for 18 hours until I could collapse on my bed. Exposed to individuals from many different cultural and economic backgrounds, I learned the value of teamwork and the work ethic essential to leadership. When we first arrived on the island, my platoon was a jumbled mess of disobedient, out of shape, undisciplined boys. After three months of exhausting training we were molded into a group of highly motivated, physically fit men. On the proudest day of my life, I marched in the graduation parade to become a United States Marine. After being discharged from the United States Marine Corps, I became determined to attain an electrical engineering degree from Florida State University. I wisely invested in the GI Bill early on in my Marine Corps career in order to go to college. Although a substantial amount of money, the GI Bill only covered my tuition; to pay for food and rent, I took a full time job with the VA work-study program. In the beginning I had difficulty adjusting to working full time while maintaining a full coarse load, and I began to feel hindered by my years outside the classroom. However, determined to succeed, I learned to manage my time well, and I established good study habits, which have continued to the present. In the spring of 1997 I obtained a Bachelors degree in Electrical engineering, a full year ahead of schedule. I take pride in the fact that I am the first person in my family to obtain a college degree.

Existentialism: Sociology and Basic Existentialist Standpoint Essay

There are six themes of existentialism; the themes are classified to characterize the mode of thought of those who would call themselves existentialists. The first theme is known as â€Å"existence precedes essence†, which is the basic existentialist standpoint. The values in a person’s life are not inherited from the society, but are solely based on their consciousness. The second theme is classified as â€Å"anxiety†. The nature of anxiety is like the dread of being nothing. This anxiety motivates existentialists to make something of their lives instead of embracing the pointless of life. The third theme of existentialism displays â€Å"absurdity†, there is no reason for humans to exist, nothing has a point, and it’s rather silly. The fourth theme is known as â€Å"Nothingness†, an existentialist feels as if they are defined only by their being but the beliefs and in situations that one lives can also be defined. An existentialist believes they’re born with nothing: no prepositions can create everything for themselves. Therefore an existentialist must have no structures. â€Å"Death† is known as the fifth theme of existentialism. Death is the final end of existence, thus death is a motivating factor in life. Everyone has a natural fear of death, but we should overcome hat fear, live life to the fullest. Let death happen because it is inevitable. â€Å"Alienation† displays the sixth theme of existentialism. Alienation is the isolation from society and social orders. It is present in society, to those individuals who create and pursue their personal desires, also not majority rules. In this theme, they do not connect with social institutions; therefore an existentialist finds their society empty and meaningless.

Assignment On Aspects of Contract and Negligence for Business Essay

Introduction: A business organization has to face many criteria to conduct business in the worldwide business arena. Different domestic and international rules and regulations help to expand business and sometimes create barrier to the business. The law has an incredible effect over the business organization and others social working groups of the organization. Law helps to determine what is right or what is wrong for conducting a business organization. Contract is a part of the business transaction. Contract is an agreement between two or more parties each of whom has the intention to create a legal relation to have a lawful object between them. Contract is regulated by law that is enforceable by the court and legal jurisdictions. Contract is more used in the partnership business where each party has a common goal, trust one another and a specific time period. Q1.1: What are the essential elements of forming a valid contract? Explain the importance of each element by providing relevant legal principles derived from decided cases: An agreement that can be enforced by law is considered as a contract (Jones v.Daniel 1894). An agreement is enforceable by law when it fills up certain conditions that are regarded as essential element of valid contract. Essential elements are: Offer and Acceptance, Lawful Consideration, Intention to create Legal Relationship, Certainty: Offer Offer is crucial element for a contract, is very important that the offeror  to intend to for a term as an expression of willingness to enter in to a contract, contract which will became lawful upon acceptance. (Gibson V Manchester City Council (1979)1 WLR 294 HL) Acceptance An acceptance is a willingness that the offeree agree to all the terms of the offeror has made. Also the acceptance must be ‘mirror image’ of the offer. (Day Morris Associates v Voyce 2003 EWCA civ 189). If the offeree try to set up new terms on the offer, this normally is a counter offer which will kill the original offer. (Hyde v Wrench 1840). Lawful Consideration: Consideration is defined as an acts or a promise of a payment or charge or value which is called ‘Consideration’ made from promisor to the promise or both. (Currie v Misra 1875) An agreement should be based on the ‘freedom of contact theory’ of all parties. Free consent is hampered when coercion, mistake, fraud and misrepresentation are made. (Chappell & Co. v Nestle 1960 AC). Intention to create Legal Relationship: A legal relation is created through the agreement that is intended. An agreement to sell or buy a product is agreement intended to make legal relationship and is therefore contract. A contact may not be valid if the participants they are not intending to create legal relation. (Balfour v Balfour 1919). Domestic and Social contracts are not considered to be a legal relation. (Jones v Padavatton 1966). Also commercial agreements is normally considered that is made in a business context and automatically is an intention to create legal relation. (Case: Esso petroleum v Commissioner of customs and Excise 1976). Family agreements can be enforceable if there is a clearly made in to a ‘business contect’(Snelling v John G Snelling ltd 1973). Certancy As a contract to be valid it must contain terms of the contract and if a important term is hidden that contract will not be lawfull. Q1.2: Describe different types of contract usually undergone in business context. Critically analyze the legal impact of distance selling contract. Sales contracts, Employment contracts, Marketing contracts, Licensing Sales contracts are made between companies to companies and to private person to a  private persons, can be goods or services. Employment contracts is an agreement from employer to employee with terms of payments, benefits, period of time, rights and obligations. Marketing contracts are normally made from business to business or from persons to business to promote products and services to the general public or to business. Licensing contract is used normally to transfer rights to an individual to be able to licensee goods and services in regime of trade mark. Distance selling contract regulations: sellers give certain basic information to customer, deliver goods within 30 days, and provide customers a right to cancel their order. All business must comply with the ‘Sale of Goods Act’ Q1.3: Analyze the contrasting aspects of different kind of terms generally used in a commercial contract. 200 words The lawfulness of commercial contract based on different kind of terms. These terms are considered as implied and express terms. Four categories of implied terms (Porter v Tottenham U.D.C1915) are: Terms Implied by fact: Under this term court believe that both parties of the contract know about the fact. Terms implied in law: Under this term court indicate a specific law of defined type in the contract. That law protects the weaker party in the contract. Terms implied by custom: In this term, local custom is applied on the contract. Terms implied by trade usage: Terms regularly used in contracts within a particular business can be im plied on other such contract. Express terms are: a) Oral contract b) Written contract c) Parole evidence role d) Collateral contract There are three types of contractual terms: a) Condition: Major term of contract. Serious consequence occurs when it is broken. (Poussard v Spiers and pond 1876) b) Warranties: Under this term an affected party can sue for damage when it is breached but cannot terminate the contract. c) In nominate term: If this type of term is breached serious or negligible result can occur depending on the particular fact. ‘Implied terms are more sensitive to deal with than express terms in a business contract’ – how far would you agree with this comment? In contract implied terms refers to terms that are not directly written in the contract but are introduced into contract by the court or by statute. Express terms are conditions that are directly written and agreed by both parties at the time of contract made. As the terms are not mentioned in the contract, it is more sensible to deal with during conflict than express terms. Task 2: Application of Contracts in Business Situations Q2.1: (a) Green Pharma put an advertisement in a trade journal stating: ‘for the wholesale buyers only, our ‘new moisturizing creams’ are now at a special low price of  £10 per dozen.’ Mr Khan, one of Green Pharma’s trusted vendors, rushed to one of your show room and wanted to place a large order. Meanwhile the company made a new decision not to sell the creams any more. Mr Khan became cross and he wished to pursue a legal action against the company. Advice Green Pharma about the possible legal consequence. Justify your comments with reference to similar case precedents. In the given business scenario Green put an advertisement to sell its new moisturizing cream at a special low price Green Pharma was making only an invitation to treat. ((Partridge v Crittenden (1968) 1 WLR 1204). As a result Mr. Khan one of the trusted vendors rushed to one of the show room and wanted to place a large order but he was refused to give order. As a result he wished to pursue a legal action against the company. Mr. Khan wanted to make an offer to Green Pharma to buy the goods but was no acceptance from the company therefore was not valid contract, in event of seeking legal action from Mr Khan will not affect Green Pharma in any way legally. (b) You work into the night to complete ‘an important report’ for your immediate boss, Tania. Tania is very pleased with the report and says ‘I know you have worked very hard on this, I will make sure there’s an extra  £200 in your pay at the end of the month. Can you enforce this promise? 100 words In the given situation you can’t make lawsuit against Tania although it is a oral promise that is done with spoken words. Tania makes a statement or promise which we can call consideration but that consideration was completed before Tania has made her promise. We called this situation past consideration so it can be a lawfull consideration (Re McArdle 1951). (c) Joe works in the purchase department of Green Pharma. He lives near to you. By an agreement he provides you with a lift to work in return for a contribution towards the petrol. Would this contract be legally enforceable? Justify your answer with legal arguments. In the above situation Joe can’t be enforced in this contract legally due to lack of intention to create legal relation, furthermore the agreement was done in a social context, if in event to seek legal action the court will not enforce this agreement (Balfour b Balfour 1919) Q2.2: Alban is the business development manager of Green Pharma. Four months ago he bought a ‘Landmaster’ car from Brenda’s Garage Ltd for use in his business activities. He paid  £12,500 for the car and was given a written guarantee in the following terms. ‘Brenda’s Garage Ltd guarantees that, for three months from the date of purchase, it will put right free of charge any defects in the vehicle which cannot be discovered on proper examination at the time of purchase. Thereafter all work and materials will be charged to the customer.’ The sales manager recommended to Alban that he should take out the ‘special extended warranty’ under which, for payment of  £350, the car would have been guaranteed in respect of all defects for a further two years, but Alban declined. Last week the engine and gearbox seized up. The repairs will cost  £2,000. Advise Alban. Would your answer differ if he bought the car only for his personal use? In the given scenario I think there would be difference between contracts whether it is made with personally or commercially. All contracts are made up with the essential elements. When Alban purchases a Landmaster car from Brenda’s Garage ltd for use in business activities, he made a legal contract through offer and acceptance, and a written agreement. It also includes the  consideration in the contract that defines each party to the agreement gets something. There was the existence of the certainty element of the contract through which Brenda indicates for three month from the date of purchase they will provide warranty service of the car. If Alban purchase the car for personal use he would make a contract with the seller of the by maintaining the element of the valid contract. Alban can not make a claim for compensation of the car if want it to do that because was outside of the warranty was given. Although if Alban would buy the car for personal use he has the right to l awsuit against the Brenda’ to recover the cost repair due to Sale Goods Act implied terms of satisfactory quality. Q2.3: Explain the effects of the following in the running of a Pharmaceutical company such as Green Pharma: a) Breach of conditions, and, innominate terms Breach of condition: Condition is the basic term of contract we also can call it hart of the contract. When condition is breached, the affected party can sue as well as end the contract and claim for damages. Warranty: Warranties as a secondary condition can be a specific kind of terms representation of fact that the law can enforce against the warrantors. If a warranty is breached the victim party can only demand for compensation but cannot end the contract, therefore Green Pharma offer replacements which will conduct to damages only. Innominate terms: As a result of such breach the innocent party is deprived of the whole benefit of the contract. The inexperience vendors will be entitled to repudiate the contract and to get compensations (Hong kong fir shipping co. ltd v Kawasaki kisen kaisha ltd (1962) b) Legality of exemption clauses. Please include relevant examples to explain different aspects of the terms. 200 words An exemption clause is a term in the contract made by one party to protect them from lawsuit done by other party for damage,loss,negligence or non-performance etc. It is done usually by the party who draft the agreement. For example, a digital camera shop use exemption clause in their selling document where they accept no liability for any damaged camera after selling it to customer. Thecourt generally describes exemption clauses narrowly to see if it is logical in specific perspective. An exemption clause can be included and bound into a contract if it is written in a signed contractual document; it does not fact whether  the party understands it. Task 3: Principles of Liability in Business Negligence Q3.1: In what aspects, liabilities in tort are different from contractual liabilities? Give examples of ‘duty of care’ in the context of someday- to- day situations. Explain the concept of ‘causation’ and ‘remoteness’ in the tort of negligence. 220 words Tortuous liability is more imposed in nature whereas Contractual liability is freedom. Contractual liability holds more privacy than liabilities in tort (Fleming, 1984). Sole proprietorship and Partner in partnership are responsible for the tort committed by them and torts committed by the business. In the contractual liability parties are engaged with one another by mutual consent which is conducted by the contract. On the other hand, the relationship in the tortuous liability is imposed by the law, the defendant must responsible the claimant a duty of care. The basic contrast between the contractual liability and the liability in tort is that the first is the result of agreement whereas the second is the result of law. Day to day examples of duty of care: a) Keepers of dangerous pets will hold a duty of care to people who will be likely to be affected. b) Lorry drivers owes a duty of care to his goods that it’s delivering. According to the law, duty of care is a legal responsibility that is applied on an individual requiring maintains a reasonable care during completing a specific task to overtake any acts that make jeopardize others. Duty of care is done by a employer to his employees, by a traffic police to the pedestrian, by a supplier to the manufacturer for the quality of the raw materials etc. Causation defines and determines the extension of liability. Causation is the indicator through which one party proves that another party makes loss to them that is considered before damages. It may be difficult to prove when there is more than one cause. Remoteness determines how much a defendant is responsible for his wrongful doings. A defendant must make up the damages or loss if it is within the reasonable consideration. Q3.2: Explain the nature of liability in negligence by giving reference to  different scenarios. Negligence is not intentional tort but accidental. Negligence liability holds that defendant know about the probable risk that can occur damage largely to the injured party. Here the injured party does not know about the risk before it happens. Negligence liability also assumes that the defendant has control power over the probable risk of harms that caused the plaintiff injury. (Lewis, R., Morris, A. and Oliphant, K.2006).For example, negligence liability occurs when a landlord sell a portion of his property to a customer although knowing about the legality problem in the property documents that may cause serious damage in future if any legal issues increases. In this situation the buyer of the property will know about the problem and damages after the occurrence happens. Another example, negligence liability occurs when a nurse does not mention the medicine to the patient who has no knowledge about the medicine causing the patient take wrong medicine. Q3.3: Explain the legal requirements to hold employers vicariously liable for the torts committed by their employees. Vicarious liability in English law is a doctrine that applies rigorous liability on the employers for the wrongdoing of their employees (CRC-Evans Canada Ltd. v. Pettifer1997). In this perspective, the person who is vicariously liable is free from blame although the person is legally responsible. An employer is vicariously responsible for doing the conduct of employees or a group of employees, agents, supervisors or managers, a person deployed by the firm disturbing a member, workplace participant etc. The provision of the vicarious liability refers to the to the legislation that applies if the person was an employee and not from a contractor or agency. (Mersey Docks & Harbour Board v Coggins and Griffiths Ltd 1947). We can consider tort of an employee if occurs to connection with the person’s employment. Without taking all responsibilities the employers may be held liable for the actions of the employees. (Limpus v London General Omnibus Co 1862) Also we may have another situation where the driver of a bus company is not in his course of employment where is injures passengers it can not be responsible for the accident. (Beard v London General Omnibus Co 1900) Courts attribute to the employer where the employers’ objectives do not reach in the absence of the employee’s serious risk which has committed. So,  there are some close connection between the tortuous act of the employee and the circumstances of his employment to establish a vicarious liability. Examples of vicarious liability are: employees seize the goods of the firm. Task 4: Application of Principles of Liability in Business Situations Q4.1: By applying the relevant legal principles answer the following: (a) what is the level of duty of care to be shown by (1) a learner driver (2) a Chinese herbal doctor working in England and (3) Junior doctor in a hospital? The duty of care refers to the principle that the duty to take responsible care to avoid foreseeable injury to a neighbor. A learner driver Must know the rules and regulations of the traffic and level of care is not been different from all other drivers. (Nettleship v Weston 1971). Understand the possible magnitude of the probable harm or injury occurred on roads. Know the importance of the social value of this activity. Chinese herbal doctor A doctor must mention reasonable harm and can not be considered a full doctor therefore is not grade of comparison. (Shakoor v Situ 2004). The relationship between the defendant and the claimant about proximate cause. A junior doctor To practice under the supervision of senior doctor (Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee 1957). Maintain reasonable standard of the profession. Avoid negligence actions for medical malpractices. Know the bad effect of malpractice that causes harm or injury. (b) Green Pharma engages Mr Ken, a local electrician, to rewire its office. Two weeks later Leo, a visitor, is electrocuted. Discuss Green Pharma’s liability in tort. Would your answer differ if Green Pharma put the following notice at the entrance: ‘Persons entering these premises do so at their own risk’? 125 words A tort liability is the legal obligation of a party which causes to suffer or loss someone as a result of a civil wrong or injury. Green Pharma has experience in defending clients, variety of personal injury. In this scenario it is found that one of the visitors has attacked by the electrocuted. There was a rule to set up a notice for awareness. But due to  negligence of the employee the notice was not hung. As a result, the Green Pharma is responsible for the accident of the visitors. The visitors can sue for getting the compensation of the damage. If there was the rule in the entrance: ‘Persons entering these premises do so at their own risk’. In this perspective the visitor should follow the notice in the entrance. If not follow Green Pharma will not responsible for the accident. The visitor cannot sue against the company for getting the compensation for the damage. Q4.2: (a) John is a van driver employed by Green pharma. While on his rounds, he stops to collect his own television from a repair shop. He parks his van carelessly and it moves off, injuring Kelly, a pedestrian. Is Green Pharma vicariously liable? Vicarious liability indicates a situation where someone is liable for the acts of another person. In this business scenario John is van driver employed by Green Pharma who use the van for his personal use to carry a television from a repair shop. As he parks the van carelessly that resulting injured Kelly a pedestrian, the pedestrian can sue against the Green Pharma because the owner of the van is the Green Pharma who not is vicariously liable for the injury of the pedestrian. Beard v London General Omnibus Co 1900 (b) Robert, who is a security guard in Green Pharma’s head office, has been encouraged by the company to keep order by force – if necessary. One night he grabbed one MrMattis on suspicion and stabbed him in the back. Discuss the potential vicarious liability of Green Pharma. 100 words Here Green Pharma plays the role of the employer and Robert is the employee of this. Green Pharma is vicariously liable for the act of the Robert because he has done the action encouraged by the company to protect his job. Seemingly, Green Pharma is free from the blame but it is legally liable for the negligence of the employee. As a result Mr.Mattis affected by stabbing can demand for the compensation that must be paid by the company. Many employers are not aware that they can be liable for a range of actions done by their employee in the course of their employment. Conclusion: To regulate and expand the business the importance of law is increasing day by day. The capacities and culture of the different organization and nations are not same. Law provides the fundamental understanding of the negotiation  deals that is required in the business. Legitimate contract helps to debate settlement of the business organization in the court by legal jurisdictions. Top management of a organization should know the reasonable information about the various elements of the agreement to understand and get important point in the business arena. References: 1. Burrows, A. (1995), ‘Solving the Problem of Concurrent Liability’ Current Legal Problems 103. 2. Fleming, J. (1984), ‘Comparative Law of Torts’ 4 OJLS 235. 3. Lewis, R., Morris, A. and Oliphant, K. (2006), ‘Tort Personal Injury Claims Statistics: Is There a Compensation Culture in the United Kingdom?’ 2 JPIL 87. 4. Markesinis, B. S. (1987), ‘An Expanding Tort Law – The Price of a Rigid Contract Law’ 103 LQR 354. 5. Stapleton, J. (1985), ‘Compensating Victims of Diseases’ 5 OJLS 248. 6. Whittaker, D.H. (1990) Managing Innovation: A Study of British and Japanese Factories, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7. Wedderburn, Lord (1986) The Worker and the Law, 3rd edn, London: Penguin. 8. Waddington, J. (1992) Trade union membership in Britain, 1980–1987: unemployment and restructuring, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 30(2): 7–15. 9. Simpson, B. (1986) Trade union immunities. In Lewis, R. (ed.) (1986) Labour Law in Britain, 10. Oxford: Blackwell. 11. CRC-Evans Canada Ltd. v. Pettifer(1997) 12. Porter v TottenhamU.D.C(1915) Jones v.Daniel (1894) 2 Ch. 332].

Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand

Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand (sometimes called simply Cross Elasticity of Demand) is an expression of the degree to which the demand for one product lets call this Product A changes when the price of Product B changes. Stated in the abstract, this might seem a little difficult to grasp, but an example or two  makes the concept clear its not difficult.   Examples of Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Assume for a moment youve been lucky enough to get in on the ground floor of the Greek Yogurt craze. Your Greek yogurt product B, is immensely popular, allowing you to increase the single cup price from around $0.90 a cup to $1.50 a cup. Now, in fact, you may continue to do well, but at least some persons will revert back to the good old non-Greek yogurt (Product A) at the $.090/cup price. By changing the price of Product B youve increased the demand for Product A, even though theyre not highly similar products. In fact, they can be quite similar or quite different the essential point is that there will often be some correlation, strong, weak or even negative between the demand for one product when the price of another one changes. At other times, there may be no correlation. Substitute Goods The aspirin example shows what happens to the demand for good B when the price of good A increases. Manufacturer As price has increased, demand for its aspirin product (for which there are many substitute goods)  decreases. Since aspirin is so widely available, there probably wont be a great increase in each of these many other brands; however, in instances where there are only a few substitutes, or perhaps only one, the demand increase may be marked. Gasoline vs. electric automobiles is an interesting instance of this. In practice, there really are only a few automobile alternatives: gasoline automobiles, diesel, and electrics. Gasoline and diesel  prices, as youll remember, have been extremely volatile since the late 1980s. As U.S. gasoline prices reached $5/gallon in some West Coast cities, the demand for electric cars increased. However, since 2014 gasoline prices have fallen. With that, demand for electrics fell with them, putting automobile manufacturers in a peculiar bind. They needed to sell electrics to keep their fleet mileage averages down, but consumers began buying gasoline trucks and larger gasoline autos again. This forced manufacturers Fiat/Dodge  is a case in point to lower the price of electrics below their actual production cost in order to keep selling gasoline-powered trucks and muscle cars without triggering a federal government penalty.   Complimentary Goods A local Seattle band has a breakthrough hit millions and millions of streams, many, many downloads and a  hundred thousand albums sold, all in a few weeks. The band begins touring and in response to demand, ticket prices begin climbing. But now something interesting happens: as the ticket prices increase, the audience becomes smaller no problem so far because whats happening essentially is that the band is playing smaller venues but at greatly increased ticket prices still a win. But then, the bands management sees a problem. As the audience grows smaller, so do the sales of all those high mark-up collectibles band T-shirts, coffee mugs, photo albums and so on: the  merch. Our Seattle band has more than doubled the ticket price at $60.00 and is still selling about half as many tickets at each venue.  So far so good: 500 tickets times $60.00 is more money than 1,000 tickets times $25.00. However, the band had enjoyed robust merch sales averaging $35 a head. Now the equation looks a little different: 500 tix x $(60.00 $35.00) is less than 1,000 tix x ($25.0035). The drop in ticket sales at a higher price created a proportionate drop in merch sales. The two products are complementary. As the price increases for band tickets, the demand for band merch drops.   The Formula You can calculate the Cross Price Elasticity of Demand (CPoD) as follows: CPEoD (% Change in Quantity Demand for Good A)  Ãƒ · (% Change in Price for Good A)

Sympathy Quotes to Help You Express Regret

Sympathy Quotes to Help You Express Regret Grief is a heavy burden. Families that are grieving for their dear ones who departed, or for a missing member, find it difficult to hold back their tears. At such a time, words of solace can provide a healing touch. Offering Condolence at Funerals When a dear one has departed, you can extend your condolences with kind words. You may feel that words are hollow and dont do much to alleviate sorrow. However, your support can help the grieving family gain strength. If words seem empty, back them up with generous acts. Perhaps you could offer some assistance to the family. Or maybe they would appreciate your involvement in the funeral arrangements. You could even stay back after the ceremony to help the family get back to routine life. Sympathy for a Dear One Who Has Gone Missing If your friend or relative has gone missing, do every bit to help find them. Offer to talk to the local police, or help trace friends who last met the missing person. At the same time, express words of hope and encouragement. You could also help the grieving family get on with their lives to bring some normalcy. Dont speak of negative outcomes, even if you feel they are likely. Miracles happen, especially if you have faith. If you find the grieving family despairing, help them stay optimistic. Dont back out on promises. Even if you are not in a position to help the family, you can always send encouraging quotes about life. Let them know how you feel for their sorrow. If you are religious, you can also say a special prayer, asking God to help your loved ones through their difficult times. Offer Words of Support to a Heartbroken Loved One Heartbreak can be very depressing. If your friend is going through a bad patch in her love life, you can be the pillar of support. Your friend may need more than just a shoulder to cry on. If you find your friend slipping into a vortex of self-pity and depression, help her overcome the grief. Use these breakup quotes to brighten her mood. Or you can cheer her up with funny breakup quotes. Brooding often causes a person to despair. Take your friend to a mall, or a funny movie, to cheer her up. You could even help a friend whos suffering from chronic depression by allowing her to break some chinaware. It can be a great release to fling the china pots and plates on the ground and watch them break into smithereens.When you feel that your friend has overcome her sadness, help her rebound by introducing her to new people. She may find new friends a refreshing change, and who knows she may be ready to date again. Sympathy Quotes Offer Solace to the Grief Stricken Words may seem empty, but sometimes they are the best balm for the grieving soul. These sympathy quotes offer stability, hope, and strength. They remind us that life is good, and we are blessed. There is a silver lining to every grey cloud. Happiness and sadness are integral to life; they make us resilient, compassionate, and humble. Use these sympathy quotes in funeral speeches, obituaries, or in condolence messages. Express your grief eloquently; teach others how to stand tall during tough times. Stay dignified in moments of crisis. Corrie Ten BoomWorry does not empty tomorrow of its sorrow. It empties today of its strength. Marcel ProustMemory nourishes the heart, and grief abates. Jane Welsh CarlyleNever does one feel oneself so utterly helpless as in trying to speak comfort for great bereavement. I will not try it. Time is the only comforter for the loss of a mother. Thomas MooreWith what a deep devotedness of woeI wept thy absence - oer and oer againThinking of thee, still thee, till thought grew pain,And memory, like a drop that, night and day,Falls cold and ceaseless, wore my heart away! Oscar WildeIf there was less sympathy in the world, there would be less trouble in the world. Edmund BurkeNext to love, sympathy is the divinest passion of the human heart. Kahlil GibranOh heart, if one should say to you that the soul perishes like the body, answer that the flower withers, but the seed remains. Dr. Charles Henry ParkhurstSympathy is two hearts tugging at one load. Antoine de Saint-ExuperyHe who has gone, so we but cherish his memory, abides with us, more potent, nay, more present than the living man. John GalsworthyWhen Man evolved Pity, he did a queer thing deprived himself of the power of living life as it is without wishing it to become something different. Marcus Tullius CiceroThe rule of friendship means there should be mutual sympathy between them, each supplying what the other lacks and trying to benefit the other, always using friendly and sincere words. William JamesThe community stagnates without the impulse of the individual. The impulse dies away without the sympathy of the community. William ShakespeareWhen sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions. Robert Louis StevensonLike a bird singing in the rain, let grateful memories survive in time of sorrow. Julie BurchillTears are sometimes an inappropriate response to death. When a life has been lived completely honestly, completely successfully, or just completely, the correct response to deaths perfect punctuation mark is a smile. Leo BuscagliaI know for certain that we never lose the people we love, even to death. They continue to participate in every act, thought and decision we make. Their love leaves an indelible imprint in our memories. We find comfort in knowing that our lives have been enriched by having shared their love. Thomas AquinasSorrow can be alleviated by good sleep, a bath and a glass of wine. Victor HugoSorrow is a fruit. God does not make it grow on limbs too weak to bear it. Alfred Lord TennysonA sorrows crown of sorrow is remembering happier times. Laura Ingalls WilderRemember me with smiles and laughter, for that is how I will remember you all. If you can only remember me with tears, then dont remember me at all. Ann LandersPeople who drink to drown their sorrow should be told that sorrow knows how to swim. Johann Wolfgang von GoetheOnly by joy and sorrow does a person know anything about themselves and their destiny. They learn what to do and what to avoid. VoltaireTears are the silent language of grief.

Marketing Mangement - T.J Maxx's money saving aspect Case Study

Marketing Mangement - T.J Maxx's money saving aspect - Case Study Example The other main thing that T.J Maxx is highlighting in its advertisement to affect consumer perceptions is the claim that these products are branded and hence they are no quality issues with these products as they are endorsed by famous brands. This will make many consumers think that since these products are being supplied to T.J Maxx by some well-known brands, they can trust these products without fearing that they are of inferior quality. They will also think that maybe T.J Maxx is buying in large quantities from these brands and hence it is able to supply these products at a cheaper price than T.J Maxx's competitors. Hence, T.J Maxx's advertisements are hitting the two aspects of consumer's perceptions that product may be offered at lower prices but all the same that it is being endorsed by brands, so consumer can expect no quality issues with the products. Price: The price charged is lower than other competitive firm's and hence it may lead to negative perceptions.